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At present, energy storage systems are playing increasingly important colors in different fields, such as electric road situations, power systems and other fields. In this scenario, supercapacitors, as an energy-energy technology, have excellent functions such as high power density, maintenance-freeness, and longevity, which have become a hot spot for attention in the academic and industrial circles. In recent years, supercapacitor technology has progressed faster, especially in the academic world, there have been new technical breakthroughs. With the support of the academic world, the industry has also made great progress in production, manufacturing and application.
In this regard, the Energy Alliance Research and Development Department tracked the current situation and application conditions of super capacitors, and conducted prediction and analysis of the future development trends of super capacitors based on the market application conditions.
The Energy Alliance will divide the relevant situation of the masters to distribute super capacitors to friends in two periods. This article will introduce you in detail the basic principles and classification of super capacitors and the electrochemical functions of super capacitors.
Basic principles and classifications of super capacitors
This section mainly introduces the electrochemical mechanism of super capacitors. In the interface between the important energy storage and the electrode and the electrolysis quality in super capacitors, this energy storage method has a great relationship with the electrode data used. When the two electrodes of a super capacitor are applied, it is divided into two electrodes of a super capacitor. In this case, a comprehensive analysis of product energy storage mechanisms will not fully understand the super capacitor task principles. Based on this, this section will first briefly introduce the task principles of super capacitors; then describe the energy storage mechanism of the divergent electrode-electrolysis interface, and classify the super capacitors according to the differences between electrodes and electrolytics, and introduce some functional characteristics of super capacitors.
1. Supercapacitor task principle
As shown in Figure 1, a supercapacitor container is mainly composed of several doors such as current collector, electrode, electrolysis and isolation. The effect of the partition is similar to the effect of the partition in the battery, which separates the two electrodes to avoid short circuits between the electrodes and allows ionics to pass through. The basic principle of supercapacitor energy storage is to store electricity through a dual-layer capacitor formed by charge separation on the interface between the electrolytic quality and the electrolyte.
Figure 1: Supercapacitor structure and mission principlesEscortDenoted Figure
2. Energy storage mechanism
There is more information used for the production of supercapacitor electrodes and electrolytes. In order to deeply understand the energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors and optimize the functions of supercapacitors, all require two practical experiments, including circular voltammetry curves and constant disengagement electricity, to characterize the different supercapacitor electrode functions. Figure 2 shows the supercapacitor electrode cyclic voltammetry and constant exile electric curve under the divergent energy storage mechanism. When a and c respectively show dual electric layers, they rush into her social media to ask her ideal companion. Under the storage mechanism of no capacitor and capacitor, the cycle volt-ampere curve and constant discharge curve of the supercapacitor electrode are shown in the Faraday capacitor storage mechanism; under the storage mechanism of the Faraday capacitor, the supercapacitor is respectively represented by the supercapacitor storage mechanism. escortcyclic voltammetry curve and constant exile electric curve of capacitor electrode.
Figure 2: Dual-layer capacitor cyclic volt-ampere curve and constant exile curve under divergence storage mechanism
1. The dual-layer capacitor storage mechanism should be the positive and negative charge separation, respectively formed by accumulation in the electrode-electrolysis interface. It is an important mechanism for energy storage of supercapacitors such as activated carbon, carbon fiber, and carbon dioxide. The structure of dual-layer effect is mainly composed of the increase or decrease of electrons of the electrodes, causing the positive charge movement in the electrolysis solution on the side of the interface to equalize the charge brought by the electron-energy change of the electrodes, which is not subject to balance.
As for the electrode overview, the charge density is determined by the external voltage. The dual-layer capacitors differ due to voltage differences. The electrochemical reaction in the dual-layer capacitors is important in the electrochemical general situation, and the adsorption and adhesion of oxygens are all the behaviors of oxygens. The cyclic voltammetry curve of the dual-layer capacitor is rectangular in shape as shown in Figure 2 (a). The constant exile electricity of this type of dataThe curve presents a linear relationship, as shown in Figure 2 (c).
Dual-layer effects should occur at the electronic and ionic conductive interfaces, and almost all electrochemical energy storage systems have this phenomenon. However, in electrolytic tanks, fuel batteries, and batteries, they are considered to be a secondary reaction and are not regarded as an important energy storage mechanism. On the contrary, the super capacitor task principle is based on this effect, so we need to maximize the effect of super capacitors in the design and development process.
2. Capacitor storage mechanism
Capacitors are also called Faraday standard capacitors. They are under-potential deposition of the active substances on the electrode general or the two-dimensional or standard two-dimensional space in the electrostatic phase, causing highly reversible chemical adsorption, retention or oxidation, reduction reaction, and generating capacitors related to the electrode charge potential. It is an important mechanism for energy storage of metal oxides, metal carbides, and conductive polymer supercapacitors. Although these reactions are very similar to those in batteries, both charges have passed through dual-layer capacitors. What is different is that the structure of the capacitor is more caused by special heat learning behavior. The cyclic voltammetry curve and constant exile electric curve of the capacitor are similar to those of dual-layer capacitors. What is different from dual-layer capacitors is that the energy density of the capacitor is higher, but due to the electrochemical reaction force learning and the non-reversibility of the reaction, the charging and discharging power and cycling life of the capacitor are smaller than that of dual-layer capacitors. It is necessary to point out that due to the existence of active functional groups, major supercapacitors have capacitors. For example, dual-layer capacitor electrochemical responses composed of nanodata such as graphene. Importantly, carbon data shortcomings have caused the publication of hundreds of papers in core international journals and the oxidation and reduction reactions of famous universities.
3. Faraday reaction storage mechanism
This storage mechanism is importantly based on the oxidation and reduction reaction of metal ions in the electrode. Anyone with the oxidation and reduction reaction of metal ions, the discharge and embedment of metal ions in the electrode data extraction phase will cause the electrons to lose in the data and then store energy. Important includes two methods: data phase transformation or alloying reaction. These electrodes will have a platform voltage when charging and discharging, which corresponds to the oxidation reduction peak voltage in the circular voltammogram curve, as shown in Figures 2 (b) and 2 (d). Faraday capacitors have higher storage energy than two different capacitors, which is usually 10-100 times that of dual-layer capacitors.
Every time some electron data that expresses the Faraday effect, such as Ni(OH)2 or similar battery properties, are considered to be capacitor-type data in many documents, which will inevitably lead to readers’ confusion. As long as this type of data has higher energy energyEscort manila density, due to data ionic solid phase expansion, the high-power charging and discharging function is far worse than that of the capacitance data.
3. Supercapacitor classification
There are only now that Song Wei started to fill out the form. There are more standards for supercapacitor classification. This article mainly introduces two classification methods. Sugar babyThe first type is classified according to the differences in energy storage mechanisms of the electrode data, and the second type is classified according to the differences in electrolysis quality.
1. Classify according to the differences in energy storage mechanisms
According to the differences in energy storage mechanisms, supercapacitors can be divided into general-purpose supercapacitors, non-purpose su TC:
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