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The Thought on Han Ru’s “Survival is to Make Ceremony”
Author: Xu Xingwu (Nanjing Major Literature Institute)
Source: “Study·Travel and Chinese Society”, Nanjing Major Bookstore, 2020
1. The conflict between the Chinese academic literacy and the political practice of Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty’s academic literacy is based on one’s specialization in the law of the Legalist law, and the other is based on the distinction between the political valuation of Han Dynasty. The former is discussed in the academic world, while the latter should explore its relationship in the Han people’s words about the political practices of the Han Dynasty. For example, in “The Book of Later Han: The Scholars” published He Xiu, “using more than 600 articles of “Year” to obtain the original meaning of “Gongyang”, and Fu Qian, “and “using sixty articles of “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to “Zuo Zhuan” to ” Therefore, when governing the history of Han Dynasty and thinking about history, we should carefully harness the source and traces of the essence in it. Although the meaning of “Baihu Tong” in Donghan is comprehensive and seeks common ground and maintains differences, the meaning mentioned here is not only a general discussion of Han Dynasty, but also often a phrase of Hanshi or Hanzheng, with an in-depth historical context. Wang Chong’s “Yuheng·Cheng Cai” said: “The Five Sects are also established by the Han family. Confucians are good at governing, and their great meanings are all out of this.” [1] Xu Yu’s “The Book of the Lectures of the Above” said: “The only wonderfulness of the Five Sects is all Han system.” Therefore, Chen Li, a Confucian scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: “At that time, all Confucians were in the Han system.” [2] The most basic form of Confucian politics is the tribute education. The fantasy of Han Dynasty politics was to transform a county-state-owned country under authority in the Qin Dynasty into a country supported by civilization, and the creation of gifts became the main business of Han Dynasty politics. However, what are the requirements for making gifts? What is the principle of Confucianism? How to emerge in the political context of Han Dynasty, “Baihutong” provides a perspective for further assessment.
“Baihutong·Letter” put forward the definition of “Chengping is to make gifts and music”, and said:
What is Chengping is to make gifts and music? When a husband is happy, he will be protected from extravagance. The people across the country are cold, how can they be happy? Successfully made a happy gift and customized gifts. [3]
It is also said:
The king starts to start, why do you use the right people? He thought that the gifts of the previous kings would be more peaceful in the world. [4]
The efficacy of gifts is to control people’s desires, so that they are happy without being lustful. If the whole country is cold, how can the emperor have fun? What is the need for making gifts? We must wait for the world to be peaceful before we can change our blessings. In connection with this, there are also carriages such as seals and hunting, and rituals. “Feng Zhu” says:
Why will a king who has changed his surname and rises from Mount Tai? The meaning of reporting. When the order was first given, the restructuring was reconciled to heaven, and the world was peaceful, and the success of the title was granted to Chengping. [5]
It is also said:
The world is peaceful, so Fu Rui comes toThose who believe that the king inherits the laws of heaven, adjusts the yin and yang, is harmonious, and has a sequence of things, and is filled with air. Therefore, the auspicious signs and auspicious signs are achieved, and all virtues come. Virtue reaches the sky, and the battle is bright, the sun and the moon are shining, and the nectar is falling. When virtue reaches the earth, the good grains grow, the trunks rise, the trunks are magnificent, and the sense of peace is achieved. [6]
Inheriting peace is the highest state of virtue governance, and its ambition is the response of heaven and man. When the talisman and auspiciousness arrives, geography, climate, and biology will all have good luck. As the monarch of the New Era, he must pay homage to heaven and report to heaven on the news of the great rule of the country. “Seeking and Hunting” says:
What is the reason why the king inherits peace and guards? The king begins to rise, the sun and the moon are still rushing, the virtues have not been announced, the robbery has not stopped, the near is not cured, and the distance is uneasy, so he is a peaceful patrol. Why do you know that you are going to take a tour? Because King Wu did not patrol the hunt, King Cheng then patrol the hunt. [7]
Inheriting peace in the political space, it shows that Dehua propaganda is the most important propaganda, and it is the same as the nearest one. Only then did it patrol the whole country.
In short, a dynasty can only obtain the production of a generation of gifts by first achieving peace, and carry out national rituals and declaration of unity. Without peace, it can only inherit the gifts of the previous dynasties to educate the people, and it cannot be made with the civilized rules. These definitions have Confucian classical principles, that is, kings must relied on the achievements of their political and educational achievements. “Travel Notes·Love Notes” says: “When kings succeed, they will be happy, and when they will be happy, they will be happy, and when they will be punished, they will be honored.” Zheng Xuan’s note says: “Success, governance, At the same time, the merit was dominated by the king’s work, and the ruler was governed by the common people. “Mingtang Tai” said Zhou Duke: ‘In the sixth year of governing the whole country, the marquis of the court in Mingtang made gifts and music. ‘”[8] From this we can see that the Confucianism between the warring states and Qin and Han believed that Zhou Duke made gifts and music was the historical basis of this definition.
The Han Rushu thought that “the inheritance of peace is to make gifts and make joys” was often absurd to those who study history. Liu Xianqing’s “Left Book·Commentary on “White Tiger Tongyi”” believes that “White Tiger Tongyi” has a meaning of name. One of them is “the meaning is straight and the meaning is inverted”. Examples include:
and it is said that “What is the joy of Chengping? Gifts are joyful, so we should prevent extravagance and lust. How can we enjoy it?” Originally, it is said that “what can we enjoy it when we are in peace, but we should talk about it, and we should rebel against small gifts. [9]
This meaning was also exaggerated by Li Yuancheng. His “The Identification of the “White Tiger Tongyi” and “Five Different Issues”” state this:
This is the White Tiger Confucianism who does not know how to celebrate the gift. His words and Lu said, “Where is the origin of the gift, it will be able to be excited after a hundred years of virtue.” If it is in line with the Congregation [10], this is a saying that has been popular since Qin and Han. “Shangshu Dabao” says: “Duke Zhou will produce gifts, but he will not be able to write it for three years. I am afraid that the whole country will not know it; I will write it for a small work, but I am afraid that I will not be able to defeat my grandfather’s good deeds.” Duke Zhou must wait for him to show his strength to do it after he was shown to do it. This is the virtue of Duke Zhou, and the righteous man can’t do it for his words. If the whole country isWithout being convinced, people are not attracted to each other, but strengthen their joy and the meaning of joy. The great saint of Zhou Gong naturally showed off his gifts
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